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Federal Court Puts A Fork In Schottenstein FINRA Arbitration and Says It's Done
February 25, 2022
The saga of Beverley Schottenstein's lawsuit against JP Morgan Securities and her grandsons Evan and Avi has been widely reported in the press. This litigation is the stuff of soap operas, rom-coms, and television mini-series. As with the old serial movies of years long since past, just when you think the end is near, there's a cliff-hanger. As we return to the action, a federal court seems to have blown the final whistle. But for the fact that this may be less American football and more like soccer where the time runs out but they keep playing into something called "extra time" which, for the life of me, I don't quite get because, you know, the clock shows "0:00" but, regardless, they keep on running around kickin' the ball. Best I can tell, the federal court's whistle is ending the game but let's see how that all pans out over the next few months.
July 2019 FINRA Complaint
In a FINRA Arbitration Statement of Claim filed in 2019, public customer Claimant Beverley Schottenstein asserted constructive fraud/abuse of fiduciary duty; fraudulent misrepresentations and omissions; and violation of Chapter 415, Fla. Statutes. Beverley B. Schottenstein, individually and as Co-Trustee Under the Beverley B. Schottenstein Revocable Trust U/A/D April 5, 2011, as Amended, Claimant v. JP Morgan Securities, LLC; Evan A. Schottenstein; and Avi E.Schottenstein, Jointly and Severally, Respondents (FINRA Arbitration Award, Case No. 19-02053).
https://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/aao_documents/19-02053.pdf
As set forth in part in the FINRA Arbitration Award:
[T]he causes of action relate to the allegedly unauthorized purchase and/or sale of various securities in Claimants' account, including, but not limited to, multiple auto-callable structured notes and various other securities for which Respondent JPM was a market maker, including Apple stock, as well as initial public offerings (IPOs) and follow-on offerings (FPOs).
Given the plethora of Schottensteins (and intending no disrespect), I'm going to start referring to them each by just their first name.
Beverley alleged that Avi and Evan, who were both financial advisors at JP Morgan, made unauthorized purchases of securities in her account and, without her consent, enrolled her in the electronic delivery of her account statements/communications. For those transgressions, Beverley sought over $10 million in damages from Avi, Evan, and JP Morgan.
2020: A Federal Case
In the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida ("SDFL"), Avi and Evan filed a Petition to Enforce FINRA Arbitration Subpoenas pursuant to Section 7 of the Federal Arbitration Act (the "FAA"). The threshold issue for the Court is whether it has subject matter jurisdiction (as set forth in 28 U.S.C. Section 1332) based upon the fact that the parties to the underlying FINRA arbitration are citizens from different states and the matter in controversy exceeds $75,000. Avi Schottenstein and Evan Schottenstein, Petitioners, v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and Alexis Schottenstein, Respondents (Order Denying Petition, 20-MC-81924 / December 17, 2020)
http://brokeandbroker.com/PDF/SchottensteinSDFLOrder201218.pdf) (the "SDFL 2020 Order"). By way of some additional color, Avi and Evan allege that:
[B]everley's granddaughter, Alexis Schottenstein ("Alexis"), has stoked the controversy based on her dissatisfaction with her treatment in Beverley's estate plan. [DE 1, p. 3]. Petitioners in this federal action believe that Alexis helped develop Beverley's claims against JP Morgan and themselves. Id. Beverley worked at Wells Fargo from 2009-2013 in its Largo, Florida bank branch. Id. Wells Fargo terminated Alexis in 2013 allegedly due to numerous customers' complaints that Alexis enrolled their respective Wells Fargo accounts in online statement delivery without the customers' knowledge and/or authorization. Id. So Petitioners in this federal action issued the subpoenas to Alexis Schottenstein and Wells Fargo requiring them to appear at the Arbitration, testify and produce documents.Beverley (the Claimant in the pending Arbitration) did not oppose Petitioners' Motion for the Alexis Schottenstein Trial Subpoena, but Alexis did object. [DE 20, p. 4]. On or about September 15, 2020, a majority of the Arbitration Panel signed the trial subpoena directed to Alexis. Id. On or about October 8, 2020, Petitioners provided the executed trial subpoena to Alexis Schottenstein's Florida counsel, and counsel advised Petitioners that Alexis would not comply with the Subpoena. Id.On or about June 24, 2020, Petitioners filed a Motion for Subpoena for the Production of Documents from Wells Fargo Pursuant to the FINRA Code of Arbitration Procedure. [DE 20, p. 5]. Beverley opposed the Motion, but the Arbitration Chairperson deemed the documents Petitioners sought from Wells Fargo to be relevant to Petitioners' defenses, and the Arbitration Chairperson executed a Subpoena for Production to Wells Fargo. Id. On or about July 29, 2020, Petitioners served Wells Fargo with the Wells Fargo Subpoena through its registered agent in Florida. Id. Shortly thereafter, Wells Fargo filed its objections. Id. Petitioners later requested that the Arbitration Panel execute a trial subpoena directed to the records custodian of Wells Fargo. Id. On or about September 23, 2020, the Arbitration Chairperson overruled the Wells Fargo Objections, and a majority of the Arbitration Panel executed a trial subpoena for the testimony and production of documents from the Wells Fargo records custodian. Id. On or about October 8, 2020, Petitioners provided the executed Wells Fargo Trial Subpoena to Wells Fargo's counsel. Id. at p. 6. Wells Fargo's counsel advised Petitioners that Wells Fargo would not comply with the Subpoena. Id.
at Pages 2 - 3 of the SDFL 2020 Order
SIDE BAR: By way of recap:
- Alexis is Beverley's granddaughter
- Beverley worked at Wells Fargo from 2009-2013
- Wells Fargo terminated Alexis in 2013
- Avi and Evan Schottenstein issued subpoenas to Alexis and Wells Fargo requiring their appearance at the FINRA arbitration and their production of documents
- Beverley did not oppose the subpoenas
- Alexis opposed the subpoena
- Wells Fargo refused to comply with its subpoena
- By a 2:1 vote, the FINRA arbitrators directed Alexis and Wells Fargo to comply with the subpoenas
A Matter of Diversity
Okay, so, sure, Avi and Evan got into the federal courthouse via their Petition to force compliance with the FINRA arbitration subpoenas; however, SDFL then had to determine whether it had jurisdiction -- which would be determined in this case by Section 1332, which states in pertinent part that:
(a)The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between --(1) citizens of different States;. . .
Unfortunately for Avi and Evan, the threshold "diversity" requirement would prove their undoing and (additionally, the amount in controversy did not seem to rise above the $75,000 minimum):
Here, Petitioners have conceded that there is not complete diversity of the parties in this subpoena enforcement proceeding because Respondent Alexis Schottenstein and Petitioners Avi and Evan Schottenstein are all citizens of New York. Thus, there is not complete diversity of parties in this federal subpoena enforcement proceeding. Moreover, Petitioners seemingly conceded at the hearing that the amount in controversy in this subpoena enforcement proceeding does not exceed $75,000; at the very least, Petitioners have made no effort to establish the value of the amount in controversy in this federal court proceeding. Instead, Petitioners argue that the relevant inquiry for determination of diversity jurisdiction is the amount in controversy and the state citizenship of the parties in the pending Arbitration, rather than in this federal court subpoena enforcement proceeding. That is, Petitioners argue that this Court should ignore the diversity problems which exist in this federal subpoena enforcement proceeding and instead look through to the Arbitration and determine diversity jurisdiction based on the parties and amount in controversy in the Arbitration.The Court rejects Petitioners' argument that the Court should ignore the lack of diversity jurisdiction in this subpoena enforcement proceeding and instead look to the Arbitration to determine diversity jurisdiction. Petitioners suggest that this is a "gray area." [DE 24, p. 2]. However, it is clear that the Arbitration is not before this Court; only the subpoena enforcement action is before this Court. There is an abundance of case law that holds that the relevant inquiry is not whether the parties to the underlying arbitration are diverse, but rather whether the parties to the federal court action are diverse. This case law also holds that courts should determine whether the amount in controversy in the federal court action, and not in the underlying arbitration, exceeds $75,000. . . .
at Pages 6 - 7 of the SDFL 2020 Order
As it turns out, Alexis, Avi, and Evan are all New York State citizens. That ain't diversity for jurisdictional purposes in federal court. Understandably, Avi and Evan argued that Alexis is not a party to the FINRA arbitration and, as such, diversity does exist among the parties in the arbitration. The court was not persuaded. The parties in the arbitration are not the parties before the court -- and the issues in the arbitration are not the issues before the court via the subpoena enforcement action.
What we got here is a classic "if my aunt were a man, she'd be my uncle" argument. If the parties in the FINRA arbitration were the parties before SDFL, then there would be diversity jurisdiction for purposes of the federal rules. But the parties in the FINRA arbitration include Beverley but do not include Alexis, and in the SDFL matter, Beverley is a not named party but Alexis is. Put another way: If a tree falls in a FINRA Arbitration but one arbitrator clapped with only one hand, what would a federal judge hear if he wasn't there?
In the end, SDFL looked at what was before it and does not see diversity; and, as such, the Court declined to find subject matter jurisdiction upon which it could act. Accordingly, SDFL denied Petitioners' request to enforce the two FINRA arbitration subpoenas. Which sends Avi and Evan back out the courthouse doors, down its stairs, into an Uber, and back to the FINRA arbitration, where the Panel will now need to figure out what, if anything, it can do about the subpoenas served upon but not honored by Alexis and Wells Fargo (both non-parties to the FINRA arbitration). Oh, and remember that of the three FINRA arbitrators, only two voted to enforce the subpoenas.
2020: ZOOMing Through FINRA Arbitration Hearings
After having conducted 43 Zoom Video Conferenced hearing sessions in October, November, December 2020, and concluding on January 28, 2021 (the FINRA arbitrators over-ruled Respondents' objections to the videoconferencing), the Panel found the following liability as against Respondents JP Morgan ("JPM"), Evan A. Schottenstein ("EAS") and Avi E. Schottenstein ("AES"):
- JPM, EAS, and AES: constructive fraud/abuse of fiduciary duty and fraudulent misrepresentations and omissions;
- JPM and EAS: elder abuse
Ka-ching!!!
Accordingly, the Panel ordered the Respondents to pay to Claimants:
- JPM: $4,708,550 compensatory damages plus interest; rescission of the Coatue investment with payment of $4,291,450 to Claimants plus interest; $172,620.50 in costs; and one-half of Claimants' attorneys' fees as will be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.
- EAS: $9 million compensatory damages plus interest; $172,620.50 in costs; and one-half of Claimants' attorneys' fees as will be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.
- AES: $602,251 compensatory damages plus interest.
Beverley B. Schottenstein, individually and as Co-Trustee Under the Beverley B. Schottenstein Revocable Trust U/A/D April 5, 2011, as Amended, Claimant v. JP Morgan Securities, LLC; Evan A. Schottenstein; and Avi E. Schottenstein, Jointly and Severally, Respondents (FINRA Arbitration Award, Case No. 19-02053 / February 5, 2021).
https://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/aao_documents/19-02053.pdf
Bill Singer's Comment
Here's the one thing that I do not understand and, frankly, am quite troubled by. FINRA has this rule on its books:
FINRA Code of Arbitration Procedure for Customer Disputes / Rule 12104: Effect of Arbitration on FINRA Regulatory Activities; Arbitrator Referral During or at Conclusion of Case. . .(e) At the conclusion of an arbitration, any arbitrator may refer to FINRA for investigation any matter or conduct that has come to the arbitrator's attention during and in connection with the arbitration, either from the record of the proceeding or from material or communications related to the arbitration, which the arbitrator has reason to believe may constitute a violation of the rules of FINRA, the federal securities laws, or other applicable rules or laws.
An independent panel of three FINRA Arbitrators awarded about $20 million to a public customer, AND the arbitrators made a specific finding that Respondents JPM and Evan Schottenstein had engaged in "elder abuse" -- that's a direct quote from the FINRA Arbitration Award. So, tell me, just what the hell am I missing here? Just what the hell kind of facts do FINRA arbitrators need in order to "refer to FINRA for investigation" conduct that came to the arbitrators' attention during the arbitration? I mean, for godsakes, if Rule 12104 doesn't get triggered by the facts in Schottenstein, then what's the point of even having such a rule?
Petition to Confirm FINRA Award: SDFL
On February 5, 2021, Beverley petitioned SDFL to confirm her FINRA Arbitration Award, and, in response JPM, Evan, and Avi filed a Motion to Vacate the FINRA Arbitration Award. Beverley B. Schottenstine, Individually and as Co-Trustee Under the Beverley B. Schottenstein Revocable Trust U/A/D April 5, 2011, as Amended, Petitioner, v. J.P. Morgan Securities, LLC, Evan A. Schottenstein and Avi E. Schottenstein, Respondents (Order Adopting in Part Magistrate Judge's Report and Recommendation, 21-CV-20521 / February 23, 2022) (the "SDFL 2022 Order")
https://brokeandbroker.com/PDF/SchottensteinSDFLOrd220223.pdf
In a March 18, 2021, Stipulated Motion, the parties stated that:
[T]hey had reached an "oral agreement concerning the amount of a settlement sum to be paid by [R]espondents to [P]etitioner to resolve [the Petition and Motion to Vacate]." Id. at 1. The Stipulated Motion stated that a "written settlement agreement [would] be prepared, revised, agreed upon, and executed by March 24, 2021." Id. The Stipulated Motion further stated that, if "[R]espondents fail[ed] to timely make the settlement payment, the settlement agreement [would] be null and void and [the Parties would] return to their present postures and positions in [the] action." Id. at 1-2. However, if Respondents timely made the settlement payment, Petitioner and Respondents would "stipulate to the voluntary dismissal of [the] proceeding." Id. at 2.
at Pages 2 - 3 of the SDFL 2022 Order
On Again, Off Again Settlement
Although on March 19, 2021, SDFL closed the case without prejudice pending the finalization of the filed settlement agreement, on June 8, 2021, Beverley filed a Motion to Reopen based upon her assertion that a final settlement had not been realized. Accordingly, SDFL granted the motion to reopen. As if this case were not odd enough, this is what then transpired:
On June 29, 2021, Respondents filed the instant Motion to Enforce, arguing that Petitioner and Respondents settled the case on two occasions - on March 18, 2021, and on May 6, 2021 - and requesting that the Court enforce the purported settlement. See ECF No. [20] at 1. On July 16, 2021, Petitioner filed her Response, arguing that Petitioner and Respondents did not reach a settlement agreement on either date. See generally ECF No. [25]. On July 28, 2021, Respondents filed their Reply. See generally ECF No. [38].On January 14, 2022, Magistrate Judge Otazo-Reyes issued her R&R, recommending that the Motion to Enforce be denied. See ECF No. [58]. The R&R states that: (1) the Parties did not reach an enforceable, oral settlement agreement on March 6, 2021; (2) the Parties did not reach an enforceable, oral settlement agreement on May 6, 2021; and (3) Mr. Guy Burns' ("Mr. Burns") interactions with Mr. Peter Fruin ("Mr. Fruin") did not bind Petitioner. See id. On January 28, 2022, Respondents filed their Objections, arguing that Magistrate Judge Otazo-Reyes erred because: (1) Mr. Burns did have the authority to bind Petitioner; (2) Mr. Burns did not tell Respondents' Counsel that his authority was limited; (3) Mr. Patrick Lannon ("Mr. Lannon") did authorize the sending of Petitioner's April 30 Settlement Draft; (4) the Court should receive additional evidence on the authority of Petitioner's Counsel; (5) Magistrate Judge Otazo-Reyes did not incorporate case law recognizing Florida's strong policy favoring settlements; (6) the R&R's conclusions on attorney authority will discourage, rather than encourage, settlements; and (7) Respondents' March 19 Settlement Draft did not omit a penalty for non-payment. See generally ECF No. [59].On January 28, 2022, Respondents also filed the instant Motion for Mediation. ECF No. [61]. Respondents request that the Court refer this case to mediation and stay all deadlines while such mediation takes place. See id. at 1. Petitioner opposes the Motion for Mediation, arguing that mediation will serve no legitimate purpose other than to delay the case and force Petitioner to expend additional resources. See ECF No. [62]. On February 18, 2022, Respondents' Reply followed. See ECF No. [63].
at Pages 3 - 4 of the SDFL 2022 Order
Too Many Lawyers?
Cutting to the chase, SDFL agreed with the Magistrate Judge's Report and Recommendation and denied the Respondents' Motion to Enforce and Motion for Mediation. Among the more intriguing comments in the Court's rationale are these gems [Ed: footnote omitted]:
at Pages15 - 16 of the SDFL 2022 OrderThird, the Court is not persuaded by Respondents' contention that the Court should require mediation because Respondent Evan Schottenstein will have to declare bankruptcy if the Court does not require mediation. Petitioner is the master of her case, and she has decided to oppose mediation despite being aware of the risks of an Order confirming the arbitration award. The Court sees no reason to force Petitioner to take an alternative course of action based on Respondents' representation of Petitioner's best interest. As alluded to above, Petitioner may, of course, settle the case outside of mediation and avoid Evan Schottenstein's bankruptcy if she chooses to do so, and court-annexed mediation is not required for further settlement negotiations.Lastly, Respondents' argument that Petitioner has too many attorneys is not a proper ground to require mediation. Petitioner is free to choose who will represent her in this case, and the quality and quantity of her legal representation have no bearing on this Court's reasoning. As such, the Motion for Mediation is denied.