Brokerage Firm Censured and Fined for Undetected Statutorily Disqualified Rep

February 3, 2016

When you do something "wrong" there are, at times, consequences -- unless, of course, you get away with what you're doing wrong because you don't tell anyone and no one finds out. More often than not, however, we get caught when we fail to do what we're supposed to do. In today's BrokeAndBroker.com Blog, we consider some of the rules and regulations that come into play when you work on Wall Street and the wrong that you committed is deemed so serious as to subject you to ineligibility -- or, as better known in the lingo of the biz: a statutory disqualification. Then there's the hapless tale of one FINRA member firm, which was put on notice of an employee's likely statutory disqualification but sort of failed to follow up.

Checking the Rulebook

FINRA's By-Laws, Article III: Qualifications of Members and Associated Person:

Ineligibility of Certain Persons for Membership or Association

Sec. 3.  (a) No registered broker, dealer, municipal securities broker or dealer, or government securities broker or dealer shall be admitted to membership, and no member shall be continued in membership, if such broker, dealer, municipal securities broker or dealer, government securities broker or dealer, or member fails or ceases to satisfy the qualification requirements established under Section 2, if applicable, or if such broker, dealer, municipal securities broker or dealer, government securities broker or dealer, or member is or becomes subject to a disqualification under Section 4, or if such member fails to comply with the requirement that all forms filed pursuant to these By-Laws be filed via electronic process or such other process as the Corporation may prescribe.

(b) No person shall become associated with a member, continue to be associated with a member, or transfer association to another member, if such person fails or ceases to satisfy the qualification requirements established under Section 2, if applicable, or if such person is or becomes subject to a disqualification under Section 4; and no broker, dealer, municipal securities broker or dealer, or government securities broker or dealer shall be admitted to membership, and no member shall be continued in membership, if any person associated with it is ineligible to be an associated person under this subsection.

(c) If it deems appropriate, the Board, upon notice and opportunity for a hearing, may cancel the membership of a member if it becomes ineligible for continuance in membership under subsection (a), may suspend or bar a person from continuing to be associated with any member if such person is or becomes ineligible for association under subsection (b), and may cancel the membership of any member who continues to be associated with any such ineligible person.

(d) Any member that is ineligible for continuance in membership may file with the Board an application requesting relief from the ineligibility pursuant to the Rules of the Corporation. A member may file such application on its own behalf and on behalf of a current or prospective associated person. The Board may, in its discretion, approve the continuance in membership, and may also approve the association or continuance of association of any person, if the Board determines that such approval is consistent with the public interest and the protection of investors. Any approval hereunder may be granted unconditionally or on such terms and conditions as the Board considers necessary or appropriate. In the exercise of the authority granted hereunder, the Board may conduct such inquiry or investigation into the relevant facts and circumstances as it, in its discretion, considers necessary to its determination, which, in addition to the background and circumstances giving rise to the failure to qualify or disqualification, may include the proposed or present business of a member and the conditions of association of any current or prospective associated person.

(e) An application filed under subsection (d) shall not foreclose any action which the Board is authorized to take under subsection (c) until approval has been granted.

(f) Approval by the Board of an application made under subsection (d) shall be subject to whatever further action the Commission may take pursuant to authority granted to the Commission under the Act.

(g) The Board may delegate its authority under this Section in a manner not inconsistent with the Delegation Plan.

Definition of Disqualification

Sec. 4.  A person is subject to a "disqualification" with respect to membership, or association with a member, if such person is subject to any "statutory disqualification" as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(39) of the Act.

15 U.S. Code § 78c - Definitions and application

(a) Definitions: When used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires-

. . .

(39) A person is subject to a "statutory disqualification" with respect to membership or participation in, or association with a member of, a self-regulatory organization, if such person-

(A) has been and is expelled or suspended from membership or participation in, or barred or suspended from being associated with a member of, any self-regulatory organization, foreign equivalent of a self-regulatory organization, foreign or international securities exchange, contract market designated pursuant to section 5 of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 7), or any substantially equivalent foreign statute or regulation, or futures association registered under section 17 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 21), or any substantially equivalent foreign statute or regulation, or has been and is denied trading privileges on any such contract market or foreign equivalent;

(B) is subject to-
(i) an order of the Commission, other appropriate regulatory agency, or foreign financial regulatory authority-
(I) denying, suspending for a period not exceeding 12 months, or revoking his registration as a broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer, government securities broker, government securities dealer, security-based swap dealer, or major security-based swap participant or limiting his activities as a foreign person performing a function substantially equivalent to any of the above; or
(II) barring or suspending for a period not exceeding 12 months his being associated with a broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer, government securities broker, government securities dealer, security-based swap dealer, major security-based swap participant, or foreign person performing a function substantially equivalent to any of the above;
(ii) an order of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission denying, suspending, or revoking his registration under the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1 et seq.); or
(iii) an order by a foreign financial regulatory authority denying, suspending, or revoking the person's authority to engage in transactions in contracts of sale of a commodity for future delivery or other instruments traded on or subject to the rules of a contract market, board of trade, or foreign equivalent thereof;

(C) by his conduct while associated with a broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer, government securities broker, government securities dealer, security-based swap dealer, or major security-based swap participant, or while associated with an entity or person required to be registered under the Commodity Exchange Act, has been found to be a cause of any effective suspension, expulsion, or order of the character described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph, and in entering such a suspension, expulsion, or order, the Commission, an appropriate regulatory agency, or any such self-regulatory organization shall have jurisdiction to find whether or not any person was a cause thereof;

(D) by his conduct while associated with any broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer, government securities broker, government securities dealer, security-based swap dealer, major security-based swap participant, or any other entity engaged in transactions in securities, or while associated with an entity engaged in transactions in contracts of sale of a commodity for future delivery or other instruments traded on or subject to the rules of a contract market, board of trade, or foreign equivalent thereof, has been found to be a cause of any effective suspension, expulsion, or order by a foreign or international securities exchange or foreign financial regulatory authority empowered by a foreign government to administer or enforce its laws relating to financial transactions as described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph;

(E) has associated with him any person who is known, or in the exercise of reasonable care should be known, to him to be a person described by subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of this paragraph; or

(F) has committed or omitted any act, or is subject to an order or finding, enumerated in subparagraph (D), (E), (H), or (G) of paragraph (4) of section 78o(b) of this title, has been convicted of any offense specified in subparagraph (B) of such paragraph (4) or any other felony within ten years of the date of the filing of an application for membership or participation in, or to become associated with a member of, such self-regulatory organization, is enjoined from any action, conduct, or practice specified in subparagraph (C) of such paragraph (4), has willfully made or caused to be made in any application for membership or participation in, or to become associated with a member of, a self-regulatory organization, report required to be filed with a self-regulatory organization, or proceeding before a self-regulatory organization, any statement which was at the time, and in the light of the circumstances under which it was made, false or misleading with respect to any material fact, or has omitted to state in any such application, report, or proceeding any material fact which is required to be stated therein.

§15 U.S. Code § 78o - Registration and regulation of brokers and dealers
. . .
(b) Manner of registration of brokers and dealers
. . .
(4) The Commission, by order, shall censure, place limitations on the activities, functions, or operations of, suspend for a period not exceeding twelve months, or revoke the registration of any broker or dealer if it finds, on the record after notice and opportunity for hearing, that such censure, placing of limitations, suspension, or revocation is in the public interest and that such broker or dealer, whether prior or subsequent to becoming such, or any person associated with such broker or dealer, whether prior or subsequent to becoming so associated --
(A) has willfully made or caused to be made in any application for registration or report required to be filed with the Commission or with any other appropriate regulatory agency under this chapter, or in any proceeding before the Commission with respect to registration, any statement which was at the time and in the light of the circumstances under which it was made false or misleading with respect to any material fact, or has omitted to state in any such application or report any material fact which is required to be stated therein.
(B) has been convicted within ten years preceding the filing of any application for registration or at any time thereafter of any felony or misdemeanor or of a substantially equivalent crime by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction which the Commission finds-
(i) involves the purchase or sale of any security, the taking of a false oath, the making of a false report, bribery, perjury, burglary, any substantially equivalent activity however denominated by the laws of the relevant foreign government, or conspiracy to commit any such offense;
(ii) arises out of the conduct of the business of a broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer municipal advisor,government securities broker, government securities dealer, investment adviser, bank, insurance company, fiduciary, transfer agent, nationally recognized statistical rating organization, foreign person performing a function substantially equivalent to any of the above, or entity or person required to be registered under the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) or any substantially equivalent foreign statute or regulation;
(iii) involves the larceny, theft, robbery, extortion, forgery, counterfeiting, fraudulent concealment, embezzlement, fraudulent conversion, or misappropriation of funds, or securities, or substantially equivalent activity however denominated by the laws of the relevant foreign government; or
(iv) involves the violation of section 152, 1341, 1342, or 1343 or chapter 25 or 47 of title 18or a violation of a substantially equivalent foreign statute.
(C) is permanently or temporarily enjoined by order, judgment, or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction from acting as an investment adviser, underwriter, broker, dealer, municipal securities dealer municipal advisor, government securities broker, government securities dealer, security-based swap dealer, major security-based swap participant, transfer agent, nationally recognized statistical rating organization, foreign person performing a function substantially equivalent to any of the above, or entity or person required to be registered under the Commodity Exchange Act or any substantially equivalent foreign statute or regulation, or as an affiliated person or employee of any investment company, bank, insurance company, foreign entity substantially equivalent to any of the above, or entity or person required to be registered under the Commodity Exchange Act or any substantially equivalent foreign statute or regulation, or from engaging in or continuing any conduct or practice in connection with any such activity, or in connection with the purchase or sale of any security.
(D) has willfully violated any provision of the Securities Act of 1933 [15 U.S.C. 77a et seq.], the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 [15 U.S.C. 80b-1 et seq.], the Investment Company Act of 1940 [15 U.S.C. 80a-1 et seq.], the Commodity Exchange Act, this chapter, the rules or regulations under any of such statutes, or the rules of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, or is unable to comply with any such provision.
(E) has willfully aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, or procured the violation by any other person of any provision of the Securities Act of 1933, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Commodity Exchange Act, this chapter, the rules or regulations under any of such statutes, or the rules of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, or has failed reasonably to supervise, with a view to preventing violations of the provisions of such statutes, rules, and regulations, another person who commits such a violation, if such other person is subject to his supervision. For the purposes of this subparagraph (E) no person shall be deemed to have failed reasonably to supervise any other person, if-
(i) there have been established procedures, and a system for applying such procedures, which would reasonably be expected to prevent and detect, insofar as practicable, any such violation by such other person, and
(ii) such person has reasonably discharged the duties and obligations incumbent upon him by reason of such procedures and system without reasonable cause to believe that such procedures and system were not being complied with.
(F) is subject to any order of the Commission barring or suspending the right of the person to be associated with a broker, dealer, security-based swap dealer, or a major security-based swap participant;
(G) has been found by a foreign financial regulatory authority to have-
(i) made or caused to be made in any application for registration or report required to be filed with a foreign financial regulatory authority, or in any proceeding before a foreign financial regulatory authority with respect to registration, any statement that was at the time and in the light of the circumstances under which it was made false or misleading with respect to any material fact, or has omitted to state in any application or report to the foreign financial regulatory authority any material fact that is required to be stated therein;
(ii) violated any foreign statute or regulation regarding transactions in securities, or contracts of sale of a commodity for future delivery, traded on or subject to the rules of a contract market or any board of trade;
(iii) aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, or procured the violation by any person of any provision of any statutory provisions enacted by a foreign government, or rules or regulations thereunder, empowering a foreign financial regulatory authority regarding transactions in securities, or contracts of sale of a commodity for future delivery, traded on or subject to the rules of a contract market or any board of trade, or has been found, by a foreign financial regulatory authority, to have failed reasonably to supervise, with a view to preventing violations of such statutory provisions, rules, and regulations, another person who commits such a violation, if such other person is subject to his supervision; or
(H) is subject to any final order of a State securities commission (or any agency or officer performing like functions), State authority that supervises or examines banks, savings associations, or credit unions, State insurance commission (or any agency or office performing like functions), an appropriate Federal banking agency (as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(q))), or the National Credit Union Administration, that-
(i) bars such person from association with an entity regulated by such commission, authority, agency, or officer, or from engaging in the business of securities, insurance, banking, savings association activities, or credit union activities; or
(ii) constitutes a final order based on violations of any laws or regulations that prohibit fraudulent, manipulative, or deceptive conduct.

So . . . that's a lot of regulatory do's and don'ts. Let's see how some of that comes into play:

Case In Point

For the purpose of proposing a settlement of rule violations alleged by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"), without admitting or denying the findings, prior to a regulatory hearing, and without an adjudication of any issue, Mutual of Omaha Investor Services, Inc. submitted a Letter of Acceptance, Waiver and Consent ("AWC"), which FINRA accepted. In the Matter of Mutual of Omaha Investor Services, Inc., Respondent (AWC 2012034064802, January 14, 2016).

Since 1968, Mutual of Omaha Investor Services, Inc. ("MOIS") has been a FINRA member firm that the AWC asserts presently has about 820 registered representatives through which the firm offers mutual funds, variable annuities, and other securities products to retail investors. The AWC asserts that MOIS had no prior relevant disciplinary history with the Securities and Exchange Commission, any state securities regulator, FINRA, or any other self-regulatory organization.

Felony Charge

The AWC asserts that on January 27, 2011, an MOIS registered representative (identified in the AWC only as "BW") pled no contest to and was convicted of a felony charge for driving while intoxicated. If we read Section 3(a)(39)(F) above (highlighted in yellow), we see that BW is likely statutorily disqualified as a result of having been convicted in the last ten years of any felony. Note that it is a blanket proscription: any felony. 

Form MC-400

Among the consequences of BW being deemed statutorily disqualified is that he cannot remain associated with MOIS unless a FINRA Membership Continuance Application (the "Form MC-400") is filed with FINRA by his member firm on his behalf. For now, BW is precluded from filing via the more standard Uniform Application for Securities Industry Registration or Transfer (the "Form U4"). 

MOIS 

Up to this point, BW's regulatory saga would seem pretty straightforward. BW was convicted of a felony and for the next ten years will be deemed statutorily disqualified but he may be given permission by FINRA to remain associated with the firm if the Form MC-400 request for the continuance of his registration is approved by the self-regulatory organization. Unfortunately, the pages of the BrokeAndBroker.com Blog are not filled with stories about matters that are "straightforward" and continue along such a path. We like to cover the car wrecks that wind up in the ditch alongside so-called straight and narrow byways. Accordingly, let's consider the AWC's verbatim recitation in material part of the cited misconduct in this case [Ed: the referenced "same day" below is January 27, 2011, the date on which BW pled no-contest and was convicted of the felony]:

On that same day, BW completed an electronic firm questionnaire in which he responded "Yes" to the following question: "In the last 12 months, have you been arrested, arraigned, charged or indicted for any criminal offense (except for minor traffic violations)?" However, the Firm's system for tracking questionnaire responses was not designed to escalate all affirmative responses to this question for further review. Rather, from 2005 through 2013, the system did not escalate such responses if the representative also attested that he had promptly used a different disclosure form to notify MOIS of the arrest, arraignment, charge or indictment. Because BW incorrectly attested that he had submitted such a form, the system did not prompt any Firm personnel to review BW's questionnaire.

Therefore, from January 27, 2011 through September 2012, while BW was statutorily disqualified, BW remained associated with MOIS and engaged in the firm's securities business. During this period, BW worked at a MOIS branch office, reported to MOIS's supervisors and, among other things, solicited new customers and provided investment advice to MOIS's securities customers.

The Violations

The AWC asserts that by:
  • allowing the statutorily disqualified BW to remain associated, MOIS violated Article III, Section 3(b) of FINRA's By-Laws and FINRA Rule 2010; and
  • failing to maintain a system reasonably designed to achieve compliance with applicable securities laws and regulations concerning the association of statutorily disqualified individual, MOIS violated NASD Rule 3010(a) and FINRA Rule 2010.
In accordance with the terms of the AWC, FINRA imposed upon MOIS a Censure and $25,000 fine.

Bill Singer's Comment

We have bazillions of pages of gazillions of words of Wall Street regulation but member firms still can't seem to implement in-house compliance policies that actually function in the real world. BW did disclose his criminal history on MOIS's online questionnaire but also "incorrectly attested" that "he had promptly used a different disclosure form to notify MOIS of the arrest, arraignment, charge or indictment." As a result of the false attestation about disclosures on another form, MOIS apparently failed to review the online questionnaire and, consequently, failed to discern the presence of a statutorily disqualified individual. Oops. Fizzle . . . snap . . . pop . . . and short-circuit. The original disclosure sat at MOIS without any review.  BW continued to work at the firm. The firm remained oblivious. FINRA went ballistic -- and not without good cause.  

One wonders if such similar in-house compliance policies and procedures dot the Wall Street landscape and, accordingly, are all so easily derailed by nothing more complicated than an erroneous attestation.